When conceptual models are confirmed, at least initially, by the data, there is no evidence that accepted models, for example in fault dip, have an impact on interpretation outcome and that variability in interpretation e. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Architecture fault modeling and analysis with the error. Motivation models are often easier to work with models are portable models can be used for simulation, thus avoiding expensive hardwareactual circuit implementation nearly all engineering systems are studied using models all the above apply for logic as well as for fault modeling 1102014 3. A model of three faults troup county school district. Have students construct a fault model using the fault model sheet. A survey of artificial intelligence for prognostics. An example includes the himalaya mountains where the indian plate is pushing into the eurasian plate. I know these numbers can be intimidating, but i assure you the challenges of testing ics started in the midlate 1970s. Fault model identifies target faults model faults most likely to occur fault model limits the scope of test generation create tests only for the modeled faults fault model makes effectiveness measurable by experiments fault coverage can be computed for specific test patterns to reflect its effectiveness fault model makes analysis. Singleseason occupancy model incorporating covariates in occupancy analysis we are often interested in how the probability of occupancy varies among sites. Causes of the financial crisis federation of american.
Static faults, which give incorrect values at any speed and sensitized by performing only one operation. Fault models and test procedures for flash memory disturbances article pdf available in journal of electronic testing 176. The rows of the table for these models are marked in light yellow color. Manifestation of a fault that results in incorrect circuit system outputs or states. Digital circuits and stuck at fault model accendo reliability. Fault models usability study for online tested fpga. Other common fault models transistor faults stlu fagnigdbir stlu fayadle. Pdf sequential fault modeling and test pattern generation for. Ger4193a speedtronic mark vi turbine control system. One approach is to use defectbased testing 12 in which a physically realistic fault model is. Actual number of physical defects in a circuit are too many. Black box delay fault models for nonscan sequential. This may cause roads and river banks to change their position. A fault is a thin zone of crushed rock separating blocks of the earths crust, where two tectonic plates are grinding past each other.
If fault f2 dominates f1, then f2 is removed from the fault list. Rmark an alternative approach to building linear models in mark. We propose an alternative growth model where fault lengths are established from an early stage and growth is achieved mainly by increases in cumulative displacement. Two different fault models are discussed and compared in. The transistorlevel stuck fault model allows any transistor to be either stuck on also. Glue the fault model to the piece of construction paper and once again cut it out making sure to leave the tabs attached. The roots of the crisis go back much further, and there are various views on the fundamental causes. We describe covalidation fault models in section 2. Rmark installation and first steps c3 you want to know how to export rmark models to use features of the mark interface see section c. Many different physical defects may be modeled by the same logical single stuckat fault. Mutation analysis for the evaluation of functional fault models. Bayesian inversion for finite fault earthquake source models.
Introduction there has been much recent discussion about the best way to achieve high coverage of realistic faults. Every day, ordinary people depend on software working properly. All possible fault behaviors are illustrated and the relationship between. Some useful properties canbe deriveddirectly fromthe models. Transition delay fault transition delay fault a gate output may be slowtorise or slowtofall and that this time is longer than a predefined level if the delay fault is large enough, the transition delay fault behaves as a saf and can be modeled using that method the primary weakness of transition delay fault. Awaiting evaluation of pe models for microseismicity and seismic reflection data fault models. The fault can be at an input or output of a gate example.
The first two models represent recent fault movement. An example, consisting of a faulttolerant hypercube multiprocessor system, is then. Three types of markov models of increasing complexity are then introduced. This box is a three dimensional model of the top layers of the earths crust.
Functional delay fault models based on the primary inputs, primary outputs, and state. Outline fault modeling stlu fawl meydho single stuckat faults. This article is a surveyoftest generation techniques for covalidationand the fault models which support them. Strikeslip fault is a fault along which motion is mostly in a. Pdf fault models and test procedures for flash memory. Fold each side of the fault model down to form a box with the drawn features on the top. Singleseason occupancy model incorporating covariates 215 if we run this simple model and view the real parameter estimates from this model, we see. Models allow the ssc to acknowledge the correlation among fault parameters. Digital circuits and the stuck at fault model semiconductor integrated circuits ics can have millions of digital circuits which can translate to billions of transistors. In a series of 20 lessons, the fourth lesson has pupils use a paper model to recreate various types of plate faults. We present three resistive bridging fault models valid for dif. The purpose of the paper models is to help undergraduate students visualise a range of 3d geometries associated with faults. Mutation analysis for the evaluation of functional fault.
It is well known that the main techniqueactivity used to ensure the quality of. Some definitions why modeling faults various fault models. Pdf iterative logic arrays ilas are widely used in the datapath parts of digital. Fault models 2 path delay fault a 0 c b gate delay fault a b c 1 0 multiple stuckat faults sa0 sa1 a c b x x.
Combined, the models capture the cbr of tdi for geometry and style of faulting of each individual fault. Conventional fault growth models suggest that faults become larger due to systematic increases in both maximum displacement and length. Fault models a good fault model has 2 requirements. Benefits of speedtronic mark vi over 30 years experience complete control, protection, and monitoring can be used in variety of applications designed by ge turbine and controls engineering. A model of three faults modified from usgs learning web lesson plans 1. Gate level stuckgate level stuckat faults at faults. Color the fault model according to the color key provided. Semiconductor integrated circuits ics can have millions of digital circuits which can translate to billions of transistors. Strikeslip fault is a fault along which motion is mostly in a horizontal direction. In the 3d window, select all fault polygons that describe one fault by clicking on the fault polygons, click on the create faults from fault polygons icon in the function bar to generate key pillars along the selected polygons, as shown in figs. Summary of geologic data and development of a priori rupture models for the elsinore, san jacinto, and garlock faults.
Fault modeling indian institute of technology kharagpur. Model, photographer, stylist, makeup or hair stylist, casting director, agent, magazine, pr or ad agency, production company, brand or just a fan. Architecture fault modeling and analysis with the error model. A stuckat fault is a particular model used by simulators and automatic test pattern generation tools to. Nand gate has 3 fault sites and 6 single stuckat faults a b 1 1 z 1 0 1 test vector for a sa0 fault faulty circuit value good circuit value sa0. However, these models are usually based on traditional optimization approaches which produce a single model from the parameter space of all rupture scenarios that are consistent with the observed data. This fault is modeled at the behavioral level where the circuit function is described in a programming language. Fault modeling electrical engineering and computer science. When dominance fault collapsing is used, it is sufficient to consider only the input faults of boolean gates. Using a piece of latex rubber with a wide mark drawn on it, illustrate earth tension, by pulling the ends of the latex to show stretching and thinning. A signal, or gate output, is stuck at a 0 or 1 value, independent of the inputs to the circuit.
An example, consisting of a fault tolerant hypercube multiprocessor system, is then. They are intended as a complement to structural geology coursework on faults and to related mapwork. Of particular interest was the validity of test vectors generated for the old shockley model. Cut out the fault model and fold each side down to form a box with the drawn features on top. Common fault models stuckat faults single stuckat faults fault equivalence fault dominance other common faults faults in fpgas. A faultbased model of fault localization techniques by. Models represent key concepts of competing proponent models models are consistent with uncertainties in slip rates and geometries of principal faults. If the delay fault is large enough, the transition delay fault behaves as a saf and can be modeled using that method the primary weakness of transition delay fault two pattern sequences for initialization and transition detection are needed the minimum achievable delay fault size is difficult to determine because of timing hazards. Testing strategies based on more comprehensive fault models than the traditional. Actually, there are far too many fault models that appear in the literature and a reader will find it convenient to refer to the following glossary.
A branch fault affects a branch statement and causes it to branch to an incorrect destination. The san andreas fault is one of the longest fault zones in the world. Pdf computer science educators have long been concerned over the difficulty with which some students learn. Department of the interior how to construct seven paper. Markov models and show how they can represent system behavior through appropriate use of states and interstate transitions. The initiation and the initial evolution of a strikeslip fault are modeled within an elastoplasticity constitutive framework taking into account the evolution of the hardening modulus with inelastic straining. Examples of using r for further computation on results like creating delta method variances are. Pdf analysis of fault models for student use researchgate. Resistive bridge fault modeling, simulation and test. Fold each side of the fault model down to form a box with the drawn features on the.
Fault models and test generation for hardwaresoftware. An assertion expresses a property of a highlevel function. Color the fault model that is included according to the color key provided. Fault polygons displayed in a 3d window while the fault model options and fault model tools are displayed in the function bar, click on the set selectpick mode icon as shown below, open the setting for the fault model process by double clicking on the process in the process diagram. Construct a fault model using the fault model diagram above.
Bayesian inversion for finite fault earthquake source. Many finite fault rupture models have been produced and published in the time since the m w 9 great tohokuoki earthquake of 2011 march 11. Each is held in position then drawn into a science. The estimation of finite fault earthquake source models is an inherently underdetermined problem. To make the models more realistic, some of the fault scarps are cut by gullies and are eroded in ways indicative of an arid landscape. Cut the fault model making sure to include the tabs. The models are easy to build and can be downloaded free. All of the paper models show displacement on the fault by the use of arrows and by the offset of a marker bed or a stream. Fault dominance if all tests of some fault f1 detect another fault f2, then f2 is said to dominate f1. Digital testing 5 common fault models single stucksingle stuckat faultsat faults transistor open and short faults memory faults pla faults stuckpla faults stuckat, crossat, crossat, crosspoint, bridgingpoint, bridging functional faults processors delay faults transition, path analog faults for more examples, see section 4.
Stresses in the earths outer layer push the sides of the fault together. Such models can be used to predict the consequences of a given fault. For example, it is impossible for all btrs to be greaterthan zero. Fault dominance l let t a be the set of all test vectors for fault a and t b be the set of all test vectors for fault b. A survey of artificial intelligence for prognostics mark schwabacher and kai goebel nasa ames research center ms 2693 moffett field, ca 94035 mark. One approach is to use defectbased testing 12 in which a physically realistic fault model is used for fault simulation and atpg. Illustrate simplification of surface traces into fault sources while describing underlying concept behind fault model video tour of 3d fault model geometry illustrating linkages and relationships accounting of fault parameters for psha. The new fault has been added under the fault folder in the models tab of. A circuit level fault model for resistive bridges zhuoli,xianglu,wangqiqiu,weipingshiandd. Numerical model of formation of a 3d strikeslip fault. This website uses cookies to give you the best online experience. Fault models for speed failures caused by bridges and. Speedtronic mark vi turbine control system ge power systems ger4193a 1 figure 1. Testing in enhanced fault models srinivas devadas mit kurt keutzer uc berkeley 2.
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